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Through next-generation spectral analysis, scientists have uncovered an evolutionary path for Wolf–Rayet stars in metal-poor environments. Characterized by hard ionizing radiation, these stars challenge current assumptions about massive star evolution.

Reported detections of gases in exoplanet atmospheres, including claims of biosignatures on K2-18 b, disappear when broader models are tested, revealing that such detections often reflect modelling limits rather than real signals.

While anti-PD-1 therapy can be effective in patients with breast cancer, response varies and is often limited by the development of resistance. Here, the authors investigate molecular determinant of response and resistance using multiomic single nucleus sequencing of longitudinal biopsies taken from breast cancer patients on a phase II clinical trial investigating neoadjuvant chemotherapy and pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1).

A protocol for cryogenic 3D correlative focused ion beam milling using an integrated fluorescence light microscope and montage cryo-ET for nonadherent and adherent mammalian cells, as well as primary Drosophila melanogaster neurons.

The authors find that TDP-43 loss of function—the pathology defining the neurodegenerative conditions ALS and FTD—induces novel mRNA polyadenylation events, which have different effects, including an increase in RNA stability, leading to higher protein levels.

Living microbialites achieve high rates of carbon uptake and precipitation by bolstering photosynthesis with light-independent uptake mechanisms to provide an effective biological system to capture CO2 in the geologically stable carbonate, calcite.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity and plasticity due to interplay with neural developmental programs. Here, the authors develop a model of GBM by introducing sequential oncogenic mutations in human neural stem cells and using this, identify INSM1 as a driver of a neural progenitor gene network promoting tumorigenesis.

Results of the phase 3 STRENGTH study show that intrathecal onasemnogene abeparvovec has a favorable safety profile consistent with findings in treatment-naïve patients and may be another treatment option for patients with spinal muscular atrophy.

Here, the authors show that pre-infection gastrointestinal microbial composition predicts parasite levels in rhesus macaques infected with P. fragile and humans infected with P. falciparum in a controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) study.

Electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction is typically studied at laboratory scale under ambient conditions; however, temperature and pressure may have a profound impact on the mechanism of this reaction and on its relevance to industrial applications. This study uses a custom temperature- and pressure-adjustable cell to reveal a chain growth mechanism emerging on copper electrodes at elevated temperatures and pressures.

Seagrass genomes of the deep-water Zostera pacifica and shallow-water Z. marina from the Eastern Pacific Ocean provide evidence for low-light adaptation exemplified in the wild hybrid Z. marina × pacifica subjected to low-light stress in aquaria.

Intervertebral disc degeneration is a natural consequence of ageing and involves a loss of tissue structural integrity, which can lead to various pathological states. In this Primer, Hammoor et al. review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of the various pathologies. They also discuss the effects of disc pathology on patient quality of life and highlight emerging and future therapies to improve outcomes.

IrO2 catalysts typically feature rutile structures with multiple facets. The authors develop an ammonia-induced method to synthesize single-faceted CuO₂ monolayers with the theoretically optimal (101) facet, resulting in high oxygen evolution activity and stability (>10,000 h) in a water electrolyser.

Understanding drug targets and their effects in living cells is challenging. Here, the authors develop SICFA, a label-free proteomics method that sensitively detects drug-induced protein stability changes, thereby identifying targets and downstream pathways directly in living cells.

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a widespread herpesvirus linked to cancer and autoimmune disease. The authors in this work design and characterize a stabilized prefusion form of gB, an essential viral fusion protein, advancing EBV vaccine and therapeutic development.

Increased river incision and landscape erosion can be attributed to late Cenozoic cooling/changes in hydroclimate, according to cosmogenic isotope and luminescence ages of a sequence of bedrock terraces in the Yukon River basin.

Robust Cu single-atom catalysts show promise for CO₂ electroreduction but face stability challenges. Here, the authors report a self-healing Cu single-atom catalyst that maintains high performance and stability for CO₂-to-CH₄ conversion at industrial current densities.

Here they show that mitochondria-localized NEK7 couples mitochondrial complex II subunit SDHB to maintain the homeostasis of electron transport in hepatocytes, thereby impeding the progression of liver fibrosis.

The immune system undergoes significant changes with age. However, protein level characterization of these age-associated changes is limited. Here, the authors develop a machine learning (ML) model to predict changes in immune cell composition across different age stages based on CyTOF data on mouse CD45+ spleen cells and test the reliability of the ML model in predicting biological age using an obese mouse model, supporting the applicability of this tool to identify disease-related immune senescence.’

A hidden Markov model that uses probabilistic retrospective inference allows for up to one month of unsupervised recalibration in an online cursor-based intracortical brain–machine interface.

Pilcher et al. present a single-cell transcriptomics-based immune atlas of participants with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, reporting on the association of cell types, gene expression and intercellular interactions with disease progression phenotypes.

This work introduces a high FA⁺ configurational entropy strategy by adding 2NTD, tuning FA⁺ rotation dynamics and stabilizing photoactive phases to yield efficient, stable inverted perovskite devices with scalable potential.

While light-driven water splitting offers a means to produce renewable H₂ fuel, water oxidation limits performances and yields low-value products. Here, authors demonstrate a photoelectrochemical cell that converts lignocellulosic biomass into valuable products alongside H₂.

Silicon solar cells with hybrid interdigitated back contacts have a power conversion efficiency approaching 95% of the theoretical limit and a fill factor approaching 98% of the theoretical limit.

Tree longevity is thought to increase in harsh environments, but global evidence of drivers is lacking. Here, the authors find two different pathways for tree longevity: slow growth in resource limited environments and increasing tree stature and/or slow growth in competitive environments.

Developing efficient catalysts that resolve the activity-stability trade-off remains challenging for hydrogen production. Here, the authors report a steam-assisted, machine-learning-screened synthesis of self-healing Ru/TiMnO_x electrodes that resolve this challenge.

The LGN is a critical stage between the retina and visual cortex, but the properties of human LGN neurons are not fully understood. Here the authors report that they closely resemble those in monkeys and that closure of one eye increases the activity of putative inhibitory neurons connected to that eye.

Anode-free sodium metal batteries without excess sodium achieve high energy density and low cost, but their cycling stability remains poor. Here an optimized current collector interphase enables unprecedented cyclability and energy density.

The management of charge carrier recombination and transport in heterojunction back contact solar cells poses significant challenges in achieving a high efficiency. Here, authors analyze various loss mechanisms of devices fabricated by laser patterning, and achieve a certified efficiency of 27.09%.

Two groups of ammonia-oxidizing archaea drive marine nitrification. Stuehrenberg et al. reveal that their distribution reflects substrate use, with one relying on urea and the other on ammonia to maintain nitrification in open-ocean waters.

Following its internalisation, active endosomal GLP-1R engages with VAPB and SPHKAP at ER membrane contact sites to assemble a local cAMP/PKA condensate for the control of MICOS complex phosphorylation, mitochondrial remodelling and β-cell function.

Vinyl acetate is an important polymer building block, but the mechanisms governing its catalytic production are not well understood. This study shows that dynamic palladium-acetate clusters determine catalyst efficiency and selectivity in vinyl acetate synthesis.

The spin transfer-induced resonant expulsion of the vortex core in magnetic tunnel junctions forms the basis of a novel integrated high-frequency threshold detector.

A broad systems-level approach is necessary to understand the intricate etiology of clinical complications from atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Here, the authors reconstruct a causal network of circulating proteins and identify subnetworks linked to future risk of myocardial infarction and other cardiometabolic traits.

Immune evasion mechanisms of initial HIV infection are incompletely understood. Here, the authors show that HIV rewires the glycosylation machinery of infected myeloid cells, forming a glycan shield that engages glyco-immune checkpoints and inhibits cell function, and thus targeted killing of infected cells.

This work demonstrates how engineered dipole synergy between two semiconductor materials creates efficient charge transport pathways, enabling simultaneous production of clean hydrogenand high-value chemicals from solar energy.

In comparison to the well-developed electrochemical transformations of thiophenols, the electrochemical modification of peptides and proteins through cysteine remains rather underdeveloped. Here the authors report an electro-induced umpolung approach that enables the efficient functionalization/macrocyclization of cysteine-containing peptides.

Neuroinflammation following intracortical microelectrode implantation impairs long-term brain-machine interface performance. Here, the authors developed a nanoparticle-based therapy that improves local hemostasis and delivers dexamethasone, reducing inflammation.

COVID-19 severity is linked to microthrombus formation. Here, using an in vivo two-photon imaging technique in mice and human scRNA-Seq data, the authors show increased adhesion molecules on vascular neutrophils leading to platelet aggregation and reduced lung perfusion.

Including permafrost and wildfire carbon emissions reduces the remaining allowable carbon budget for keeping the global average temperature increase below 1.5 degrees by 25%, according to Earth system model simulations.

How DNA Polymerase Epsilon accomplishes continuous leading strand synthesis during DNA replication is not understood. Here, the authors describe a two tiers mechanism required to sustain Pol Epsilon processivity: CHTF18-dependent loading of PCNA at leading strand and dsDNA binding by its POLE3-POLE4 subunits.

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis senses fungal tyrosol signalling through EnvZ–OmpR which triggers T6SS activation and antifungal effector release to reduce fungal competitors in the mouse gut.