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Septin cages entrap cytosolic pathogens to restrict infection. Here, authors show that Shigella effectors OspCs catalyze ADP-riboxanation of SEPT9 at a critical interface, destabilizing septin octamers to inhibit cage assembly and evade host cell-autonomous immunity.

Revealing the structural features governing ergodicity breaking is critical to understanding glass formation. Here, the authors synthesise a family of hybrid metal halide glasses, and show that the molecular shape and polarity determine rotational disorder, enabling diverse glass-forming abilities.

The integration of high-κ dielectrics with low equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) is crucial for the development of 2D transistors. Here, the authors report the low-temperature fabrication of wafer-scale HfO₂ dielectric films with sub-5-Å EOT and their application for the realization of high-performance 2D MoS₂ transistors and circuits.

This study reveals that the Y65C mutation in PQBP1 causes microcephaly through a dual mechanism: partial loss-of-function and a disruptive gain-of-function, impairing neural progenitor proliferation and cortical neurogenesis.

Off-the-shelf, on-demand allogeneic CAR-T cells could represent a therapeutic alternative to autologous products for cancer therapy. Here the authors report the preclinical characterization of off-the-shelf CRISPR-Cas9– edited IL-13Rα2-specific allogeneic universal CAR-T cells and the results of a first-in-human phase I trial in patients with high-grade glioma.

Large-effect variants in autism remain elusive. Here, the authors use long-read sequencing to assemble phased genomes for 189 individuals, identifying pathogenic variants in TBL1XR1, MECP2, and SYNGAP1, plus nine candidate structural variants missed by short-read methods.

The detailed structure of the native dystrophin–glycoprotein complex provides mechanistic insights into mutations underlying muscular dystrophy.

Behçet’s syndrome is a chronic inflammatory disease with oral ulcers being the most common symptom. Here authors present results from a phase 2 randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial that shows that systemic low dose interleukin-2 could be safely administered to these patients, and the therapy may improve their quality of life.

How the vascular endothelial cells support the functional adaptation of pancreatic islets under obesity-associated metabolic stress is poorly understood. Here, the authors show that the ER stress sensor IRE1α employs its RNase activity to play an important regulatory role in this process.

Stone tools illustrate behavioural complexities in Middle Pleistocene hominin populations. Here, the authors present small dimensional flakes and hafted tools from Xigou, central China, dated to ~160–72 thousand years ago that demonstrate early, complex technological advancements.

Female mosquitoes inject saliva into vertebrate hosts during blood feeding, transmitting mosquito-borne pathogens. Here, cryo-EM of mosquito salivary gland extract uncovers the native SGS1 structure and domains relevant to pathogen transmission.

Identifying genetic variants using long-read RNA sequencing (lrRNA-seq) is useful but hampered by high error rates and biological complexities. Here, the authors developed Clair3-RNA, a deep-learning tool that improves variant calling accuracy in lrRNA-seq data and accurately identifies RNA editing sites.

A heat-shrinking method—in which semi-liquid metal-based circuits are printed on thermoplastic films that subsequently shrink and wrap around a target object when mildly heated—can be used to create conformal electronics on various substrates, including plants and skin.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Induction of hypothermia during hibernation/torpor enables certain mammals to survive under extreme conditions. Here, the authors show that the natural product P57 induces hypothermia by targeting pyridoxal kinase and has a potential application in therapeutic hypothermia.

Hanging Coffins were a mortuary tradition practiced in southern China and Southeast Asia. Here, the authors show that different groups of ancient Hanging Coffin practitioners are genetically related, and that they are ancestors of present-day Bo people.

The gut bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri and its metabolite IAA exacerbate neuropsychiatric lupus by activating microglial AHR/STAT3 signalling, driving neuroinflammation and behavioural deficits.

The accurate detection of somatic variants in cancer without matched normal controls remains challenging, particularly for long-read sequencing data. Here, the authors develop ClairS-TO, a deep learning method for long-read tumour-only somatic variant calling that outperforms similar algorithms and can also work with short-read sequencing data.

Lam et al. evaluate a self-report scale and eight BERT-family large language models trained on clinical interview transcripts to detect clinician-rated depression in people with and without alexithymia. All models detect depression more accurately than the self-report scales in detecting depression, particularly in those with alexithymia.

Improved vaccines and antivirals are needed for many enveloped viruses. Here, the authors identify sulfur-based small molecules that disrupt viral membrane properties, inhibiting fusion and entry, and safely inactivate influenza virus. The resulting inactivated influenza vaccine is protective in mice.

This study reports an optical imaging approach that encodes structural information into scattering patterns, enabling real-time visualization of sub-particle reaction dynamics in liquid environments.

ROSE-3D is a single-molecule localization microscopy approach that achieves high isotropic resolution via interferometric localization. The approach is capable of whole-cell and multicolor imaging.

A telomere-to-telomere gap-free pig genome assembly (T2T-pig1.0) for a Wuzhishan boar highlights Y chromosome structure and genomic regions potentially associated with body stature.

Endocytosis of TFR1 plays a crucial role in extracelluar iron uptake. Here the authors revealed that PKCβII facilitates the endocytosis of TFR1 and increases cellular iron levels through the phosphorylation of AAK1, thus promoting ferroptosis of tumor cells.

TransBrain translates brain phenotypes between mouse and human via homology mapping, thus making it possible to capitalize on the wealth of knowledge about the mouse brain and gain insights into the human brain.

It is unclear how early-life urbanicity influences adult neurobehavioral traits. This study reveals that earlier menarche mediates the relationship between early-life urbanicity and adult neurobehavioral traits associated with mental disorders.

Atomic resolution SE/ADF-STEM imaging are used to investigate single atoms of V/W on TiO2 nanoplatelets, demonstrating the ability of SE imaging to provide Å-scale height contrast and atomic mass contrast for supported single atoms

Seeded growth methods are used to prepare highly ordered, crystalline semiconducting poly(di-n-hexylfluorene) platelet micelles, which exhibit long-range anisotropic exciton diffusion, particularly along the π–π-stacking direction.

The gamma-ray burst GRB 060614 was an unusual astrophysical event whose origins are still unclear. This study re-examines the burst’s afterglow data and finds an excess in the spectrum that appears to be consistent with a weak macronova, suggesting that GRB 060614 originated from a compact binary merger.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Activating ground-state molecular oxygen without added oxidants or external energy remains a major challenge in aerobic catalysis. Here, the authors present a high-rate, energy-neutral O₂ activation platform that directly generates singlet oxygen from ambient air under room-temperature, bias-free conditions.

Qiu et al. report an intrinsic liquid scintillator which eliminates the light scattering by exploring in-situ coordination between lanthanide ions and ionic liquid ligands. The liquid scintillator is biocompatible with high uniformity for omni-angle X-ray detection. Convex scintillation lens is demonstrated for enlarged X-ray imaging.

The biological clock model LifeClock predicts biological age across all life stages from routine clinical data, revealing distinct pediatric and adult disease risk patterns.

Researchers developed a porous material ZU-921 that solves a key challenge in removing multiple different types of impurities through fine-tuning pore chemistry, enabling the one-step production of high-purity propylene.

A size-controlled composite powder feedstock design effectively enhanced the cryogenic strength and ductility of additively manufactured medium-entropy alloys through in-situ formation of hard and stiff reprecipitates.

Anti-TSLP biologics have shown promise for the clinical treatment of type 2 respiratory disease. Here the authors present a clinical trial of CM326, a monoclonal antibody against TSLP, and show the clinical effects in patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (ECRSwNP), who present with type 2-dominant inflammation.

The intrinsic light reflection of organic conjugated films significantly influences the optical performance of devices through Fabry–Pérot micro-cavity effect. Here, authors modulate cell micro cavity via tuning materials’ refractive index to improve photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells.