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The mechanical microenvironment for MSCs is crucial for osteogenesis. Here, the authors developed a hydrogel in which MSC-secreted ALP actively remodels the surrounding heterogeneous mechanical microenvironment to promote osteogenesis for bone regeneration.

Using ARPES, this work identifies dice-lattice flat bands in the electride material YCl. The authors show that anionic electrons act as lattice sites to create this rare electronic structure.

The advancement of bioorthogonal bond-breaking chemistry requires precise spatiotemporal control over chemical reactions. Here, the authors introduce a stimuli-responsive click–release platform based on the reaction between mono-alkylhydroxylamine and cyclooctyne, enabling rapid and nearly complete payload release, and apply it to release of anticancer drugs and anaesthetics.

Metal-cation-free CO₂ electroreduction in strong acid minimizes reactant loss and salt precipitation yet struggles with CO₂ activation and hydrogen evolution competition. Here, the authors report bioinspired sharp gold triangles with a proton-blocking layer that polarize CO₂ and suppress hydrogen evolution.

Mechanisms of siphophage infection in Gram-positive bacteria remain poorly understood. Here, the authors report the high-resolution structure of phage NF5 and visualize its cell wall adsorption and genome delivery process.

This study reveals a hierarchical development of the brain’s structural connectome from infancy to childhood, characterized by distinct sensorimotor-association trajectories and alignment with multiple neurobiological hierarchies.

This study finds that plastic mulch substantially increases crop yields but also contaminates soils and pollutes the environment. The authors propose biodegradable films, AI-driven farming, and policy reforms to address the productivity–sustainability trade-offs.

Altermagnets combine spin-split electronic bands with zero net magnetization, making them ideal for integration into spin-based information processing devices. Here Guo, Chen, Zeng, and coauthors demonstrate a magnetic memory making use of the altermagnetic spin splitting torque in a three terminal MRAM device.

CRISPR-Cas12a diagnostics are limited by strict PAM requirements. Here, authors show that higher temperatures activate numerous noncanonical PAMs, enabling a versatile one-pot platform that improves sensitivity, specificity, and rapid on-site pathogen detection.

Thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) was identified as a synthetic-lethal target in p53-deficient cancers through alterations in double-stranded RNA accumulation. A covalent small-molecule inhibitor of TDG exhibited potent efficacy against p53-deficient tumors.

Single-crystal alloy thin films (SATFs) are appealing for applications in crystal epitaxy, surface catalysis, and energy conversion. Here, the authors report a method to synthesize wafer-scale binary and ternary SATFs with sub-nanometer roughness, which can be used as substrates for the growth of high-quality graphene single crystals.

Stone tools illustrate behavioural complexities in Middle Pleistocene hominin populations. Here, the authors present small dimensional flakes and hafted tools from Xigou, central China, dated to ~160–72 thousand years ago that demonstrate early, complex technological advancements.

Spatial epigenomics (SE) data suffer from high sparsity. The authors present SPEED, a deep matrix factorization framework that leverages atlas-level single-cell epigenomic data to denoise SE data, showcasing a promising toolkit for SE analysis.

This study identifies 245 genetic loci associated with head-to-body ratios using 38,202 bone density scan images from the UK Biobank, revealing genetic links to skeletal and brain development, disease susceptibility, and human evolutionary adaptation.

Chen et al. identify a brain-to-bone communication axis whereby extracellular vesicles from aged brain neurons transport WDFY1 protein to distal bone, driving bone-fat imbalance and promoting osteoporosis.

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare and aggressive neuroendocrine tumor with limited risk stratification. Here, the authors perform multi-omic analysis of MTC samples from 452 patients across 10 Chinese clinical centers, identify molecular subtypes and develop a prediction model.

A dual-branch framework that disentangles cell states from drug-induced regulatory shifts to predict transcriptional responses is presented. It captures nonlinear dose–time dynamics and excels in generalizing to unseen cellular contexts.

Wang et al. identify the intragrain impurity nanoclusters of a metastable (FA,Cs)PbI₄ phase, arising from intragrain cation segregation, to be the performance-limiting defect structure in FA–Cs mixed-cation perovskites. An inner salt is introduced to mitigate these intragrain defects, enabling n-i-p perovskite solar cells with efficiency of 26.03%.

Cost-effective carbon is inherently selective for O₂-to-H₂O₂ conversion, yet challenged by insufficient activity and unclear active site identification. Here, the authors report surface-engineered carbon quantum dots that elucidate the active motifs and achieve high-rate H₂O₂ electrosynthesis.

cellSTAAR advances noncoding rare variant association analysis by integrating single-cell genomics data.

It is unclear how early-life urbanicity influences adult neurobehavioral traits. This study reveals that earlier menarche mediates the relationship between early-life urbanicity and adult neurobehavioral traits associated with mental disorders.

Germano-silicate used as a building material for integrated photonics circuits substantially reduces optical losses, approaching levels comparable to those in optical fibres.

Cend1 as a key protein that enhances mitochondrial ATP production via dimerization and interaction with Atp5f1b, protecting neurons in ischemic stroke. The compound Tianeptine stabilizes Cend1 dimers, boosting ATP and providing neuroprotection in a Cend1-dependent manner.

The regulation of ferroelectric photovoltaic properties has been challenging. Here, authors substitute the p-site of cations with halogen for tuning distortion degree of inorganic layer and electric dipole moment of aromatic spacer, achieving ferroelectric anomalous photovoltaic effect of 38.2 V.

Modulation of random heteropolymers results in globular polymer clusters with catalytic activity mimicking proteins.

Integrated single-cell RNA and immune repertoire analysis of PBMCs identifies key circulating immune perturbations in lupus nephritis, highlighting non-invasive biomarkers and CD74 as a potential therapeutic target.

A cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of brainstem structures identify 713 associations. It reveals shared/distinct genetic architectures across ancestries/substructures and overlaps with neuropsychiatric disorders and physiological functions.

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) offer high atom utilization and efficiency, but their synthesis is challenging. This work realizes the mass production of sustainable SACs and demonstrates their application in vascular healing.

This study leverages plasma proteomics from over 50,000 individuals to build organ-specific aging models and uncover underlying genetic mechanisms. It also investigates causal links between organ aging, diseases, and lifestyle, providing insights for promoting healthy longevity.

While visual-tactile sensors promise high perception resolution at low cost, they often sacrifice compliance to maintain optical stability, hindering non-planar contact perception. The authors present FlexiRay, a soft gripper merging visual-tactile sensing with a compliant Fin Ray structure.

This work proposed a fully heterogeneous quantum network that connects diverse user systems and enables multiple quantum tasks. A software-defined quantum network structure is also proposed for coordinating network nodes and optimizing network performance. It paves the way for an open and versatile quantum internet.

RABV upregulates FBXL18, which stabilizes BST2 via K11-linked ubiquitination at Lys109/110, thereby activating NF-κB. FBXL18 knockdown effectively suppresses inflammation and virulence, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for rabies.

Moiré structures often exhibit long-range order. Here, the authors use scanning tunneling microscopy to identify an incommensurate moiré structure with a short-range-ordered charge density modulation.

Myocardial infarction triggers inflammation driven by immune cell reprogramming, but the epigenetic regulators involved remain unclear. Here, the authors show that histone acetyltransferase 1 enhances postinfarction inflammation by promoting histone succinylation in monocytes.

A new artificial intelligence model, DeepSeek-R1, is introduced, demonstrating that the reasoning abilities of large language models can be incentivized through pure reinforcement learning, removing the need for human-annotated demonstrations.

The tolerogenic activity of type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s) is determined by EPOR, which is preferentially expressed in cDC1s and induces antigen-specific FOXP3-expressing regulatory T cells.

This study presents the high-resolution cryo-EM structure of the ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) complex, revealing a homotrimeric assembly with five subunits, a dinuclear copper active site, a putative proton transport pathway with distinct electrostatic features for substrate handling.