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Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) biosynthetic enzymes have been reported to be oncogenic. Here, the authors show that NAPRT, a key enzyme in the deamidated NAD biosynthesis pathway, functions as a suppressor of colon inflammation and tumorigenesis by maintaining DNA repair capability.

Protected areas (PAs) are central to China’s forest conservation strategy, yet their carbon storage effectiveness under different governance and management contexts remains uncertain. Here, authors show that stronger protection enables substantially greater forest carbon gains in China’s PAs, both now and in the future.

Coupling two ionic thermoelectric effects in n-type materials is scarce, restricting the development of high-performance systems. Here, the authors present an ionic-thermoelectric material with interactive thermo-diffusion/galvanic coupling effect based on coordination chemistry.

Here, the authors show that residues N490 and M492 of Hepatitis E Virus capsid protein are pivotal, albeit not exclusive, host tropism determinants of hepatitis E virus (HEV) for swine infection, which enhance the understanding of HEV’s zoonotic transmission and host specificity.

Atomic catalytic pairs enable multistep transformations, yet the roles of spatial arrangement and coordination symmetry in homonuclear pairs remain unclear. Here, the authors construct atomically dispersed homonuclear Pt₁–Pt₁ pairs with asymmetric Pt₁C₃–Pt₁O₁C₃ coordination on reduced graphene oxide, enabling efficient transfer hydrogenation of azobenzene.

Dissolved Fe(II) could greatly enhance uptake of dissolved phosphorus by common phyllosilicate minerals in the Archean and Proterozoic ferruginous oceans, serving as a key mediator in early phosphorus cycling and habitability

Intracellular pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis can promote their survival within infected cells by preventing lysosomal acidification. Here, the authors show that M. tuberculosis secretes a protein that promotes phosphorylation of a subunit of the host vacuolar ATPase, thus inhibiting V-ATPase assembly and lysosomal acidification.

The interaction between immune cells and the peripheral nervous system during the progression of vascular diseases is poorly understood. Here, the authors use a mouse model of neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) and show that Tenascin (Tnc)-positive myofibroblasts originate from adventitial fibroblasts and promote activation of sensory nerves and CCL-2-dependent accumulation of macrophages to drive inflammation and vascular remodeling.

Nav1.7 is a threshold current generator. Here, authors show that Thr1398 underlies the low voltage dependence of hNav1.7, determines its function as a threshold channel. This low-voltage dependence may be exploited to develop Nav1.7 selective inhibitors for pain therapy.

Crabgrasses (Digitaria spp.) are invasive upland weeds distributed globally. Here, the authors assemble a telomere-to-telomere reference genome of D. sanguinalis along with its diploid and tetraploid progenitors and reveal lineage-specific introgression of a herbicide resistance-associated gene through population genetics analyses.

In this study, the authors use surveillance data and phylogeographic analysis to estimate HPAI H5 transmission risk in U.S. wild birds and show strong seasonality patterns, spatial hotspots, and viral spread expanding across multiple migratory flyways.

Eye tracking relies on ocular features, that are susceptible to interference from light and individual variations. Here, Zhu et. al. present eye movement feature enhanced cosmetic contact lenses, enabling accurate, natural, and homogenized eye tracking.

The reverse water–gas shift reaction is crucial for CO₂ conversion using renewable hydrogen, but simultaneously achieving high activity, selectivity, and stability in catalysts remains a challenge. Here, the authors introduce a near-surface “quasi-hyperbaric” ammonia strategy that integrates atmospheric-pressure processing with in situ ammonia decomposition to synthesize a high-energy Mo₂N-based catalyst capable of overcoming these trade-offs.

Healing of infected tendons is hindered by mechanical dysfunction, tissue adhesion, and immune imbalance. Here, Li et al. develop a multifunctional Janus hydrogel with asymmetric adhesion, antibacterial properties, and pH-responsive release of tendon stem cell-derived exosomes for infected tendon repair.

The mechanical properties of inorganic solid electrolytes for Li batteries are typically characterised by a high Young’s modulus above 15 GPa and hardness above 1 GPa. Here, authors develop a cost-effective and mechanically compliant inorganic solid electrolyte, with reduced Young’s modulus and hardness of 1.41 and 0.22 GPa, respectively, for practical all-solid-state Li batteries.

Structural variants are an underexplored source of genetic diversity. Here, the authors use phased pangenome graphs to improve detection of these variants in dairy cattle and link these variants to traits of economic importance.

Phage therapy is emerging as a promising alternative to antibiotics for treating various infections. However, there have been no prior studies on the use of bacteriophages for peritonitis in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Authors present a successful case of treating refractory peritonitis in a 71- year-old male patient on peritoneal dialysis using bacteriophages combined with antibiotics.

Deep-sea hydrothermal vents drive the transformation of simple alkanes into complex organic molecules, revealing a universal pattern of molecular evolution that may inform the search for life’s origins on Earth and beyond.

Photosalient effects in organic crystals have potential for responsive materials, but design of such materials is challenging. Here, the authors report the development of cocrystals that undergo a solid state transformation on exposure to UV, resulting in photochromism and photosalient behaviour.

This study demonstrates that the reduced serum serine in patients with chemotherapy or women with poor sleep, is linked to the decline of ovarian function. Serine supplementation prevented ovarian damage in mice by inhibiting ferroptosis in ovarian granulosa cells, without affecting chemotherapy efficacy.

The authors demonstrate mode-multiplexed holography using current-addressed OAM components in VCSELs to increase channel capacity. Monolithic nanoprinted holograms within 100×100 μm^2 footprint enable dynamic displays with a refresh rate of ~1.93 GHz.

In this study, the authors show that chandelier cells in the medial prefrontal cortex integrate circuit inputs, encode stimulus salience across sensory modalities, and thus influence associative learning in male mice.

The authors identify AMsh glia, expressing both cold and heat receptors, function as a dual-mode thermosensory hub, bidirectionally modulating neural circuits to regulate various thermal behaviors in C. elegans.

Non-Annex I countries—mostly developing countries under the UN climate framework—excluding China accounted for approximately 61% of hydrofluorocarbon emission growth during 2011–2020, while China’s emissions have been overestimated since 2017, according to atmospheric observational data and inverse modelling.

Photocatalytic water splitting using a single particulate photocatalyst is a cost-efficient approach for sustainable hydrogen production. Here, the authors report a nanoscale Ba_xSr_1-xTaO₂N solid-solution photocatalyst exhibits an apparent quantum efficiency of 13.5% for H₂ evolution at 420 nm.

SLC6A6 localizes to the inner mitochondrial membrane and mediates mitochondrial taurine import, which sustains mitochondrial tRNA modifications and cell growth.

Mapping global alluvial channel patterns reveals a hidden dominance of anabranching channels, constituting nearly half of the total reach length globally.

Using single-cell transcriptomics and functional analyses, the authors identify a specialized neural network in the male schistosome gynecophoric canal and show that lsamp maintains its integrity, enabling intersex communication and female reproductive maturation.

The controllable regio-divergent and enantioselective C–H bond transformation of secondary amines at different N-alkyl groups has remained underdeveloped. Herein, the authors report a Cu-catalyzed α’/β-regiodivergent and β-enantioselective cyanation of secondary amine-derived ureas through ligand-controlled adjustable 1,4’/1,5-hydrogen atom transfer.

A flexible, floating microelectrode array that has a reconfigurable spiral thread design can be used to create large-scale, long-term brain–computer interfaces in the primate brain.

A platinum(II) azido complex (complex 1) that releases platinonitrene upon X-ray exposure induces DNA damage and enhances immune checkpoint blockade outcomes via the abscopal effect.

Electron transfer in molecular wires is typically dominated by tunnelling at short lengths. Now it is shown that conjugated molecular wires anchored to indium tin oxide electrodes exhibit a hopping mechanism even at 1-nm lengths, enabling charge extraction in tin perovskite solar cells and improved device performance.

While the functions of non-parasite genome-encoded RNAs (ngRNAs) are largely uncharacterized, the authors systematically investigate their roles in blood flukes using an integrated approach of metatranscriptomics, scRNA-seq, RNAi, and molecular methods. They identify and characterize ngRNAs and then elucidate the mechanism through which they regulate key biological traits.

Treating the tin–lead surface in perovskite films with caesium hydroxide forms solid metal oxides that stabilize the surface against photothermal degradation. When used in all-perovskite tandem solar cells, a certified power conversion efficiency of 28.56% is achieved, 90% of which is retained after 500 h of testing under ISOS-L-3 conditions.

Subduction of sediment, derived from weathered continental crust, can enrich the mantle in critical metals and volatiles. Melting of such enriched mantle produces alkaline magmas that may form major rare-earth deposits.

Farside ground truth information gathered by Chang’e-6, integrated with orbital and nearside sample data, refines global lunar chemical maps and provides a framework to guide future exploration.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

A high-quality genome assembly and RNAi/CRISPR toolkit establish Gregopimpla kuwanae as a tractable parasitoid model and uncover genomic features linked to ectoparasitic adaptation.

Honey bees showed skototaxis while swimming to land quickly, thus it is most likely an adaptive trait. However, this behavior was shown to be disrupted by an insecticide. Skototaxis may have evolved before eusociality because a solitary bee species showed a stronger strength of this trait.

The sluggish ionic conductivity of polymer electrolytes has been a long-standing concern. Here, authors present a multiscale study of the lithium ion conduction network of poly(ethylene) oxide-based electrolytes and elucidate how aluminium-oxo molecular clusters improve the transport properties.

The existence of a long-lived, prethermal regime in many-body systems with tunable heating rates, driven by structured random protocols, is observed using a 78-qubit superconducting quantum processor.

A bioresorbable microneedle sensor array provides continuous, wireless and multimodal monitoring of organ metabolism, oxygenation and electrophysiology for up to 7 days in postoperative kidney ischaemia and gut disorders.

Florets of indica rice open earlier than japonica rice, hindering utilization of the cross subspecies heterosis. Here, the authors show that an OsMYB8-OsJAR1 module regulates diurnal floret opening time divergences between the two subspecies.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative recruited and genotyped more than half a million Taiwanese participants, almost all of Han Chinese ancestry, and performed comprehensive genomic analyses and developed polygenic risk score prediction models for numerous health conditions.