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Granzyme B is an important factor in cytotoxic T lymphocytes anti-tumour immunity. Here, the authors report on a Pd-FTn granzyme B-mimicking nanozyme with a binuclear catalytic centre, delivered by functionalised nanovesicles to selectively trigger caspase-dependent apoptosis for a T cell-inspired cancer therapy.

Therapies combining chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown limited efficacy in patients with advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Here the authors report the results of a pilot phase 1 trial of neoadjuvant modified Folfirinox plus nivolumab in borderline-resectable PDAC, including safety, efficacy and immunological correlates.

Genome evolutionary history of wild Arachis species remains unclear. Here, the authors report the origin of small chromosome A08 and genome evolution of Arachis species via comparative oligopainting and genomic analysis of A. hoehnei.

Recent studies have shown the potential of higher-order exceptional points originating from the Liouvillian dynamics as opposed to their Hamiltonian counterparts. Here, the authors explore different classes of third-order Liouvillian exceptional points in a two-level system realised in a single trapped ion.

Multipole datasets and targeted sensitivity simulations reveal interannual variability in Middle Eastern dust accounts for ~36 % of the Indian Ocean Dipole variance during boreal autumn, surpassing the influence of El Niño-Southern Oscillation.

Astrocyte-to-neuron (AtN) conversion is limited by intrinsic barriers, hindering its efficiency. Here, the authors show that Olig2 acts as an inducible barrier to in vivo Ngn2-mediated AtN conversion, reducing reprogramming efficiency.

The youngest lunar regolith from the Moon’s nearside and farside show similar particle shapes despite different origins, indicating that space weathering rapidly reaches saturation in shaping surficial lunar regolith within ~2.2 million years.

The extracellular matrix provides mechanical cues that guide tissue formation. Here, authors use enzyme-responsive peptide nanofibers that self-assemble between cells to generate mechanical forces, driving spheroid formation and creating tissue models to mimic human tumors and pancreatic islets.

Cardiovascular risk is driven by genes, proteins, and metabolites, yet their combined predictive value is unclear. Here, the authors develop CardiOmicScore to integrate genomics, proteomics and metabolomics and predict six cardiovascular diseases up to 15 years prior to disease onset.

The mechanism of transitions in sex determination systems are often poorly understood. This study looks at the amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri, and finds repeated transpositions of the gene tesD have created new sex-determining regions, driving turnover of the sex determination system.

This study achieves precise atomic-scale control over ferroelectric polymer chains through facet modulation, significantly enhancing ferroelectric phase stability, thereby enabling efficient and tunable multiband electromagnetic attenuation.

Alkali metals are widely used as promoters in heterogeneous metal catalysts, yet their precise role remains unclear. Here, the authors elucidate the promotional effects of alkali metals in hydrogenation reactions from a unified perspective and reveal a novel phenomenon termed “strong metal–base interaction”.

Intrauterine adhesions (IUA) are a leading cause of female infertility. Here, authors engineer a Tβ4-releasing ECM hydrogel that mimics decidualization to promote endometrial regeneration as a therapeutic strategy for treatment of IUA.

Large-effect variants in autism remain elusive. Here, the authors use long-read sequencing to assemble phased genomes for 189 individuals, identifying pathogenic variants in TBL1XR1, MECP2, and SYNGAP1, plus nine candidate structural variants missed by short-read methods.

Metal–nonmetal inverted half-sandwiches, also called inverse metallocenes, have been recently reported. Here the authors report the synthesis of a series of palladium inverse metallocene analogs, identify their fundamental metal building block, characterize their NIR-II photothermal conversion efficiency, and show the potential photothermal applications.

This study shows that WDR5 remodels NANOG condensates to control transcriptional programs. Disrupting their interaction compromises stem cell identity and suppresses leukemia stem cell expansion.

FUNDC1 in endothelial cell (ECs) via endothelin (ET) 1 release regulates insulin sensitivity and adiposity and that high fat diet feeding promotes obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes by increasing FUNDC1 and consequent ET1 release from ECs.

While EGFR mutations are drivers of cancer, the function of extracellular domain mutations remains poorly defined. Here, the authors show that the R252C extracellular mutation induces conformational change of EGFR to directly activate ERK and promote cancer growth, which can be targeted by afatinib.

All-solid-state batteries face significant performance challenges with conventional anodes under high currents. Here, the authors design an In₀.₃₈Sn₀.₃₃Bi₀.₂₉ alloy anode that forms a robust mixed ionic–electronic network, enabling high-rate capability and durable solid-state cells.

Strong oxidative oxygen species generated at high voltage pose great challenges to positive electrode-side interface stability in lithium-based batteries. Herein, authors propose a robust gel polymer electrolyte with bifunctional additives for interface modification, achieving high-voltage ceramic solid-state lithium batteries.

A soft, biodegradable, wireless sensing device can monitor pressure, temperature and strain over long distances (up to 16 cm), maintaining accuracy across varying positions and angles.

Hydrocyclone flow fields enhance H₂ production via shear induced lattice restructuring. Here, the authors report a multiscale framework linking reactor hydrodynamics to nanoscale catalysis, guiding industrial photocatalytic H₂ production.

The integration of high-κ dielectrics with low equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) is crucial for the development of 2D transistors. Here, the authors report the low-temperature fabrication of wafer-scale HfO₂ dielectric films with sub-5-Å EOT and their application for the realization of high-performance 2D MoS₂ transistors and circuits.

We introduce meta-amplified dark-field interferometric scattering microscopy, which uses a plasmonic metasurface to enhance sensitivity and contrast by converting nanoparticle-induced phase perturbations into strong far-field scattering signals.

B7H3 is an immune checkpoint overexpressed in many cancers and associated with tumor immune evasion. Here, the authors discover that in colorectal cancer, particularly microsatellite-stable tumors, palmitic acid promotes ZDHHC24- mediated B7H3 palmitoylation, regulating CD8⁺ T cell antitumor activity.

Photocatalytic water splitting using a single particulate photocatalyst is a cost-efficient approach for sustainable hydrogen production. Here, the authors report a nanoscale Ba_xSr_1-xTaO₂N solid-solution photocatalyst exhibits an apparent quantum efficiency of 13.5% for H₂ evolution at 420 nm.

Solid additives are typically used for improving morphology and efficiency in organic solar cells (OSC). Here, the authors present 3-AR, which optimizes the active layer morphology in all-small-molecule OSCs through selective interactions, achieving a PCE of 18.43% (certified 18.16%).

The authors demonstrate mode-multiplexed holography using current-addressed OAM components in VCSELs to increase channel capacity. Monolithic nanoprinted holograms within 100×100 μm^2 footprint enable dynamic displays with a refresh rate of ~1.93 GHz.

Sclerostin impairs whole-body lipidandglucosemetabolism. Here, the authors further demonstrate that adipocytic sclerostin loop3-LRP4 interactionparticipatesin the impairment effect of sclerostin on whole-body lipid and glucose metabolism.

The authors introduce a non-invasive, ultrafast imaging method that combines femtosecond transient absorption microscopy with a WSe₂ exciton sensor to visualize multilevel exciton transport driven by correlated electronic states in twisted WS₂ moiré superlattices.

Emulating Schrodinger-equation-governed temporal dynamics in metamaterials is of strong interest. Here, the authors demonstrate that temporal scattering processes exhibit eigenstate topological braiding and dynamical topological phase transitions in circuit metamaterials.

Schizophrenia is a complex brain disorder with its underlying protein changes generally not well understood. Here, authors show widespread alterations in the prefrontal cortex, marked by reduced energy production and disrupted synaptic function.

Eukaryotic Fanzor proteins are compact and advantageous for delivery, but their activity remains limited. Here, the authors engineer an improved Fanzor2 system (evoMmeFz2) using structure-guided and AI-assisted strategies to enable efficient exon skipping in a Duchenne muscular dystrophy model.

To address the challenge of response delays in gas sensors, this study proposes a hydroelectrochemical sensing strategy whereby droplets capture gas molecules and induce instantaneous interfacial electron transfer, enabling rapid detection.

SARS-CoV-2 variants often exhibit immune evasion, necessitating antiviral strategies beyond vaccination. This study presents a papain-like protease (PLpro) inhibitor called YL1004, which exhibits potent, broad-spectrum antiviral activity against wild-type, Delta, and Omicron variants in vitro and in vivo.

Direct RNA sequencing suffers from chimera artifact contamination. Here, the authors develop DeepChopper, a genomic language model that detects artifacts with high accuracy, enabling more reliable transcriptome analysis.

Metal–ligand synergistic catalysis remains underexplored in single-atom systems. Here, inspired by homogeneous pincer complexes, the authors construct Pd(II)–N₄ sites on carbon nitride, enabling highly selective photocatalytic semi-hydrogenation of alkynes.

This study finds that plastic mulch substantially increases crop yields but also contaminates soils and pollutes the environment. The authors propose biodegradable films, AI-driven farming, and policy reforms to address the productivity–sustainability trade-offs.

Experimental evolution enables evaluation of the relative roles of chance and necessity in evolution. This study compiles transcriptomic data from experimental evolution of a prokaryotic and five eukaryotic species in 22 environments to reveal that gene expression evolution is often repeatable and deterministic.

Polarons play a crucial role in determining the (photo)electrocatalytic activity of semiconductors. Here, the authors report a reversible, potential-driven method to generate Ti³⁺ polarons on TiO₂, creating dynamic active sites that break the adsorption-potential linearity and boost hydrogen evolution.

Lithium-ion battery cathode lifetime is limited by large expansion and contraction during cycling. This study uses electrochemical activation to suppress collapse in LiNi_0.9Mn_0.1O₂ cathodes, achieving improved capacity and cycle life.

This study elucidates nanoscopic strain evolution in single-crystal Ni-rich positive electrodes, demonstrating that mechanical failure results from lattice distortions, and redefines the roles of cobalt and manganese in battery cycling stability.

Aqueous two-phase systems have potential as biomimetic materials, but often lack stability and are prone to collapse. Here, the authors use interfacial assembly of chitin nanofibres and cellulose nanocrystals to prepare a biobased system with permeability and switchable motility.

Decreasing salt-to-solvent molar ratio without sacrificing electrochemical performance remains a challenge in high-performance lithium metal batteries. Here, authors show that compatibility of fluorobenzene-diluted 1,2-dimethoxyethane-based electrolyte with Li metal is reduced in smaller salt-to-solvent molar ratios and design a fluorobenzene-diluted dimethyl acetal-based electrolyte with significantly enhanced stability towards Li metal under a reduced Li salt concentration.

Starfish embryos can form living chiral crystals. Now it is shown that these crystals can spontaneously, as well as inducibly, transition between two stable states: fluctuating and oscillatory.

Current lithium-ion batteries still rely heavily on nickel (Ni), whose growing demand raises serious economic and environmental concerns. This work now presents a cathode that delivers longer cycle life than high-Ni chemistry while substantially reducing Ni use.

Bacteria can infect tumour cells which may affect the biological characteristics of the tumour or even the therapeutic outcome. Here authors show that Stenotrophomonas, upon entering tumour cells, trigger endoplasmic reticulum stress, leading to STING degradation and inhibition of MHC-II⁺ macrophages, which ultimately cause tumour progression and immunotherapy resistance.

This study demonstrates that the reduced serum serine in patients with chemotherapy or women with poor sleep, is linked to the decline of ovarian function. Serine supplementation prevented ovarian damage in mice by inhibiting ferroptosis in ovarian granulosa cells, without affecting chemotherapy efficacy.

The spatial organisation of the tumour microenvironment (TME) can affect immune responses that control tumour growth. Here, the authors use single-cell transcriptomics and spatial transcriptomics to identify a lymphocyte aggregated region (LAR) in gastric cancer and compare its cellular and molecular composition with the neighbouring TME.

Although heat is a major stroke risk factor, targeted intervention tools are lacking, so we developed and evaluated a Stroke Heat Risk Model for personalized prevention. Here, the authors show that it yields three times the preventable heat-attributable stroke deaths of current heat warning systems.