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In one-shot perceptual learning, what we see can be dramatically altered by a single past experience. Using psychophysics, fMRI, iEEG, and DNNs, the authors identify neural and computational mechanisms underlying this remarkable ability in humans.

Current long acting HIV therapies face challenges like prolonged pharmacokinetic tails, which increase resistance risk. The authors develop dimeric bictegravir prodrug nanosuspensions that sustain therapeutic levels for six months with a short PK tail, supporting safer ultra-long-acting HIV treatment.

Respiratory virus genomic surveillance output is unevenly distributed globally. Here, the authors show that addressing this imbalance could substantially reduce the time to first detection of novel (variant) viruses, enhancing surveillance effectiveness and efficiency.

A multiancestry phenome-wide analysis of copy number variants in the UK Biobank genomes increases power to detect genetic associations with complex traits across human populations.

Treating the tin–lead surface in perovskite films with caesium hydroxide forms solid metal oxides that stabilize the surface against photothermal degradation. When used in all-perovskite tandem solar cells, a certified power conversion efficiency of 28.56% is achieved, 90% of which is retained after 500 h of testing under ISOS-L-3 conditions.

Ocean salinity could change as the climate warms. Here the authors show that the South Indian Ocean has freshened most of the Southern Hemisphere oceans and highlight the mechanisms behind this freshening, as well as the implications for Indian Ocean stratification and structure.

Psilocybin may help treat chronic pain, possibly due to direct analgesic effects. Here, authors tested psilocybin on acute and chronic pain in three mouse models of pain and found minimal effects on sensory, affective, or functional pain measures.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) associated uveitis can cause vision loss in children, but mechanisms remain unclear. The authors here identify elevated CD19⁺IgD^-CD27^- double negative type 1 B cells in JIA-uveitis and show that targeting B-T cell interactions suppresses disease in mouse models of uveitis.

A strategy compatible with a broad range of materials by precisely manipulating optofluidic interactions within a confined 3D space to control the assembly of colloidal microparticles/nanoparticles is demonstrated, enabling the precise manufacture of complex microstructures/nanostructures.

The phase 2/3 DEVOTE trial demonstrated that high-dose nusinersen significantly improved motor function and was safe in patients with spinal muscular atrophy, compared with a matched sham control.

Global Burden of Disease estimates show that between 1990 and 2023, the prevalence and burden of drug use disorders, inclusive of amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine and opioid use, have been increasing in high-income countries, particularly in the USA.

Ferroelectric ordering of moiré excitons and collective photon emission emerge in WSe₂/WS₂ heterobilayers near the Mott state driven by strong dipolar interactions and a transition to symmetry-broken ferroelectric phases.

CD38 is highly expressed by antibody-secreting cells (ASC) and depleting antibodies targeting CD38 have the potential to treat autoimmune diseases with ASC involvement. Here authors treat systemic lupus erythematosus patients with the ASC-depleting anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody daratumumab in addition to dexamethasone in the frame of a single arm, open-label phase 2 clinical trial to show marked improvements in their clinical and immunological status.

A comprehensive atlas platform integrating transcriptional and epigenetic data enables more precise engineering of T cell states, accelerating the rational design of more effective cellular immunotherapies.

Here the authors analyse genetic data for over 400,000 British and Irish people, showing that the frequency of the major genetic risk factor for haemochromatosis varies from a low of 1/212 in Southern England to 1/62-1/54 in Outer Hebrideans and Northwest Irish. Clinically diagnosed haemochromatosis varies 11- fold in frequency across England, emphasising the uneven risk landscape.

This study reports that genomic signatures composed of the loss of pluripotency inhibitors, expansion of pluripotency activators and maintenance of an epigenetically permissive state contribute to the plantlet formation in Kalanchoe.

The role of normally silenced transposable elements (TEs) in tumorigenesis remains unclear. Here, the authors show that increased expression of TEs in both patients and mice with colitis or by DNA hypomethylating drugs elicits a viral mimicry response that suppresses tumorigenesis. This viral mimicry response inhibits the stemness of cancer initiating cells in a cell autonomous manner.

An anti-HIV-1 antibody that targets an N332_gp120 glycan-independent V3 epitope, a site of Env vulnerability, can decline viremia in HIV-1-infected humanized mice while overcoming classical V3 escape mutations.

There has been a recent interest in control of magnetism via ionic transport. The appeal of such magneto-ionic control lies in its extent, non-volatility and potential energy-efficiency, however, the number of systems showing such behaviour is limited. Here, Tan, Ma, and coauthors demonstrate magneto-ionic control through Carbon transport.

The existence of a long-lived, prethermal regime in many-body systems with tunable heating rates, driven by structured random protocols, is observed using a 78-qubit superconducting quantum processor.

Zhang et al. show that the activation of RIPK1 is suppressed by acetylhypusination in a spermidine-dependent manner. Disruption of this axis contributes to RIPK1-mediated vascular pathology to promote insulin resistance and diabetic kidney pathology.

This work developed an all-fibre-coupled THz reflection single-pixel imaging system capable of real-time, in vivo, and in situ imaging. It achieves a five-fold improvement in throughput over the state of the art, reaching 30,000 pixels per second.

The inferior heterojunction quality and misaligned energy levels at the buffer/absorber layer hinders development of antimony selenosulfide solar cells. Here, authors introduce low-work-function tantalum pentoxide dielectric layer for field-effect passivation, achieving device efficiency of 10.95%.

Negative regulator of thermotolerance 1 (NAT1) is identified as a negative regulator of thermotolerance in rice through the NAT1–bHLH110–CER1/CER1L module. Modifying NAT1 by targeted gene editing increases wax deposition and enhances thermotolerance in rice.

Applications of optical laser-based techniques are limited by the long wavelengths of the lasers. Now, observations of phonons and thermal transport at nanometre length scales are reported with an all-hard X-ray transient-grating spectroscopy technique.

Gallrein et al. pair functional assays with clocks to compare chronological versus biological age of single neuron types in C. elegans, to probe their vulnerability or resilience to neurodegeneration, and use an in silico screen to identify neuroprotective drugs.

Thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) was identified as a synthetic-lethal target in p53-deficient cancers through alterations in double-stranded RNA accumulation. A covalent small-molecule inhibitor of TDG exhibited potent efficacy against p53-deficient tumors.

The implementation of non-negative matrix factorization–a powerful technique finding hidden patterns in high-dimensional data – remains challenging due to computational complexity. Wang et al. report an in-memory analogy solver, enabling accurate factorization with fast operation at low power consumption.

Scanning nitrogen-vacancy microscopy unveils super-moiré spin textures emerging in twisted double-bilayer CrI₃ and provides real-space evidence of antiferromagnetic Néel-type skyrmions spanning multiple moiré cells.

The study introduces radio interferometric multiplexed spectroscopy (RIMS), a method designed to efficiently monitor the radio emissions of massive samples of stars. Applying it to LOFAR data, the authors identify stellar bursts, offering clues to possible star–planet magnetic interactions.

Pseudaminic acids (Pse) are a family of carbohydrates found within bacterial lipopolysaccharides, capsular polysaccharides and glycoproteins. Now, monoclonal antibodies have been developed that recognize diverse Pse across several bacterial species, enabling mapping of the Pse glycoproteome and demonstrating therapeutic potential against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumanii in in vitro and in vivo infection models.

By combining satellite observations with ground-based data and expert validation, this analysis demonstrates considerable misestimation of grassland extent and thereby carbon stock estimates in previous global assessments based on remote sensing.

In this randomized phase 3 trial, patients with treatment-naive stage III–IV nonsmall cell lung cancer who received sintilimab or pembrolizumab in combination with chemotherapy early in the day (before 15:00 h) experienced longer progression-free survival compared with those receiving late time-of-day infusions.

The authors report the experimental observation of room-temperature condensation of exciton polaritons in quasi-2D layered crystals of halide perovskite, integrated into an open optical microcavity. These materials combine van-der-Waals properties with dominant exciton physics at room temperature.

Generative large language models (for example, ChatGPT and Claude) were used to score Big-Five traits from open-ended thoughts and video diaries. Large language model scores aligned with self-reports and predicted behaviour, showing personality’s expression in everyday language.

Landfalling tropical cyclones generally accelerate as they approach coastlines due to changes in surface roughness and thermal properties, according to numerical modelling simulations and global observations.

Long COVID is associated with challenges in energy management, with limited interventions available. In this study, a just-in-time app-based energy management intervention for long COVID did not reduce postexertional malaise compared to usual care, though both groups improved over time, showing the approach was safe but not effective.

A large cross-population atlas of gene–environment interactions reveals how age, sex and lifestyle shape genetic effects, heritability, prediction accuracy and disease biology, with implications for personalized medicine and drug development.

Earth’s core dynamo, which produces the magnetic field, may have been influenced by spatial variations in heat flux across the core–mantle boundary, according to combined palaeomagnetic datasets and geodynamo simulations.

The study used snMultiome-seq to map gene expression and chromatin accessibility in human central amygdala cells from people with and without AUD. Here, the authors show that inhibitory neurons are most affected, with KLF16-driven regulatory changes and AUD-risk variants disrupting gene activity.

A spin-wave ladder architecture based on single-crystal yttrium iron garnet requiring only one external magnetic bias for manufacturing tunable compact filters using modern micromachining fabrication methods is described, demonstrating applications in future communications systems.

Functional studies of O-GlcNAcylation have often focused on individual modifications. Now, a systems-level approach has identified simultaneous O-GlcNAcylation events that coordinate cellular activities and tissue-specific functions.

Proxy records from Lake Baikal show that rapid cooling coincided with Northern Hemisphere ice sheet expansion 2.7 million years ago, a change accompanied by a transition to open steppe ecosystems.

Changing fire regimes, leading to higher likelihood of high severity fire, are having unknown impacts on biodiversity. This study identifies regions of high avian biodiversity and individual bird species predicted to be highly exposed to future high severity.

Discovery Learning, a machine learning approach integrating active learning, physics-guided learning and zero-shot learning into a human-like reasoning loop, is described for predicting the battery cycle life of new designs from minimal experiments, reducing prototyping requirements.

How leptin signalling produces anti‑obesity effects is incompletely understood. Here, the authors demonstrate that FAK and PYK2 are required for STAT3 activation, normal leptin responses, and HDAC6 inhibitor‑mediated weight loss, with their loss causing hyperphagic obesity.

The rational design of autonomous light-powered molecular motors remains a formidable challenge in nanoscience. Now, a photochemically driven diazene-based rotary motor has been shown to rotate around a single bond, with a preferred direction that can be reversed by changing the wavelength of the irradiation light.

Phosphorylation-dephosphorylation and ubiquitination tune TCR signaling to avoid self-reactivity. Kim and colleagues show that acetylation also modulates TCR signaling.

Understanding the organism-wide molecular effects of spaceflight becomes increasingly critical as space exploration accelerates. Here, the authors show that miRNAs mediate microgravity-induced adaptations via extracellular matrix, DNA damage and developmental pathways, as shown by small RNA profiling in 13 organs of mice during and after spaceflight.

The functions of the vast majority of brain-expressed spliced isoforms are unknown. Here the authors describe an isoform-resolution perturbation system coupled to a single cell transcriptomics read-out, and through this approach identify neuronal microexons that control autism-linked signatures underlying neuronal maturation and function